প্লাস্টিক, দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধের পর ১৯৫০ সালের দিকে ব্যাপকভাবে ব্যবহার শুরু হওয়া পলিমার যৌগটি আজ আমাদের পৃথিবীটাকে ছেয়ে ফেলেছে। পুরো পৃথিবীটাই যেন আজ প্লাস্টিকের দখলে। প্লাস্টিক ব্যবস্থাপনার কাজে মানুষ রিসাইকেলসহ নানা পথ অবলম্বন করেছে। তবে পৃথিবীতে প্লাস্টিকের পরিমাণ দিন দিন বেড়েই চলেছে। গত ৭০ বছরে প্লাস্টিক বর্জ্যের পরিমাণ প্রতিবছর ২ মেগাটন থেকে বৃদ্ধি পেয়ে আজ হয়েছে ৩৮০ মেগাটন।
প্লাস্টিক বর্জ্য ব্যবস্থাপনায় রিসাইকেল সবচেয়ে বহুল ব্যবহৃত এবং জনপ্রিয় পদ্ধতি। তবে কেমন হয় যদি প্লাস্টিক একেবারে ধ্বংশ করে দেওয়া যায়। তাও যদি সেটা করা হয় কোনো অনুজীবদের দ্বারা?
হ্যাঁ, বর্তমানে প্রকাশিত এক গবেষণা পত্র মতে প্লাস্টিক খেকো অনুজীবের অস্তিত্ব পাওয়া গেছে।
আর পড়ুন: দেশি মাছের পেটে প্লাস্টিকের ক্ষুদ্র কণা
বিজ্ঞানীরা প্রথমেই এমন ৯৫ টি এনজাইম খুঁজে পেয়েছেন যারা প্লাস্টিককে পঁচাতে পারে এবং এই এনজাইম গুলো এসেছে ডাম্পিং সাইটে থাকা ব্যাক্টেরিয়া থেকে।
চালমারস ইউনিভার্সিটির জ্যান ঝ্রিমেক বলেছেন, “আমরা এতগুলি পরিবেশগত আবাসস্থল জুড়ে এত বড় সংখ্যক এনজাইম খুঁজে পাওয়ার আশা করিনি। এটি একটি আশ্চর্যজনক আবিষ্কার যা সত্যিই প্লাস্টিক সমস্যাটির স্কেল কত বড় হয়েছে তা চিত্রিত করে।”
বিজ্ঞানীরা পৃথিবীর বিভিন্ন জায়গার মাটির নমুনা পরীক্ষা করে দেখতে পেয়েছেন মাটিতে প্লাস্টিক ধ্বংসকারী এনজাইম। এর জন্য তারা প্রায় ৩৮টি দেশের ১১টি ভিন্ন পরিবেশের প্রায় ১৮ হাজার মাটির নমুনা নিয়েছিলেন।
বিজ্ঞানীরা সমুদ্রের বিভিন্ন স্থান থেকে নমুনা সংগ্রহ করলেও সেগুলো থেকে তেমন একটা ভালো ফল পাননি।
আর পড়ুন: ২০৫০ সালের মধ্যে গড় প্লাস্টিক ব্যবহার শূন্যে নিয়ে আসা সম্ভব!
মাটিতে প্লাস্টিক ধংসকারী অনুজীবের আবিষ্কার নিঃসন্দেহে একটা দারুণ এবং আশা জাগানিয়া আবিষ্কার। আমাদের পৃথিবীর পরিবেশ দূষণের প্রভাবে এর উপরে যে প্রভাব পড়েছে এটা তারই একটা নিদর্শন।প্লাস্টিক দূষণের বিরুদ্ধেও ঘুড়ে দাড়াচ্ছে পৃথিবী।
গবেষণাপত্র: Plastic-Degrading Potential across the Global Microbiome Correlates with Recent Pollution Trends, Microbial Ecology (2021)
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