দ্রুততার সঙ্গে হ্রাস পাচ্ছে পৃথিবীর অভ্যন্তরের তাপ। যা ভাবা হয়েছিল, গবেষণায় উঠে আসা তথ্য অনুযায়ী তার থেকেও অনেক দ্রুত হারে হ্রাস পাচ্ছে পৃথিবীর অভ্যন্তরের তাপমাত্রা। সুইজারল্যান্ড এর ETH Zurich-এর গবেষক মতোহিকো মুরাকামি এবং কার্নেগি ইনস্টিটিউশন ফর সায়েন্সের গবেষকরা মিলে বৃগম্যানাইট নামক খনিজের তাপ পরিবাহিতা পরীক্ষাগারে মাপার জন্য যে পরিমাপ পদ্ধতির উদ্ভাবন করেছেন তার দ্বারা পরীক্ষাগারে পৃথিবীর অভ্যন্তরের তাপ এবং চাপ এবং অন্যান্য অনুকূল পরিবেশ সৃষ্টি করে বৃগম্যানাইট কী ব্যবহার করে তা জানা সম্ভব।
তাদের এই গবেষণা প্রকাশিত হয়েছে আর্থ এন্ড প্ল্যানেটারি সায়েন্স লেটার্স নামক জার্নালে। সেখানে আরও বলা হয়েছে এই ঠাণ্ডা হয়ে যাওয়া বহু টেকটোনিক কার্যকলাপ কমিয়ে দিতে সক্ষম।
পৃথিবীর বিবর্তন বলতে তার ক্রমাগত ঠাণ্ডা হয়ে যাওয়া বোঝায়। গবেষণালব্ধ তথ্য অনুযায়ী আনুমানিক 450 কোটি বছর আগে পৃথিবী সম্পূর্ণ ম্যাগমা দিয়ে তৈরি একটি অগ্নিগলোক ছিল যার থেকে ধীরে ধীরে ঠাণ্ডা হয়ে পৃথিবীর ওপরের ভূত্বক বা ক্রাস্ট গঠিত হয়েছে। গবেষকদের মতে পৃথিবীর অভ্যন্তর থেকে নির্গত তাপের দ্বারাই প্লেট টেকটোনিক, ম্যান্টল স্তরের ম্যাগমার আবর্তন, অগ্ন্যুৎপাত ইত্যাদি ঘটনাগুলি ঘটে চলেছে।
পৃথিবীর কেন্দ্র ঠিক কী হারে ঠাণ্ডা হচ্ছে বা কখনও পুরোপুরি ঠাণ্ডা হবে কি না সেই সম্পর্কে কোনও সঠিক তথ্য গবেষকদের না থাকলেও তারা পৃথিবীর কোর এবং ম্যান্টলের সংযোগস্থলে প্রাপ্ত এক খনিজ বৃগম্যানাইট এর ওপর পরীক্ষা চালিয়েছেন।
গবেষকদের মতে এই স্তরটি খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ কারণ এই স্তরেই ম্যান্টলের সান্দ্র তরল শিলা এবং লোহা ও নিকেল দ্বারা গঠিত কোর পরস্পরের সংস্পর্শে আসে। এই দুই স্তরের মধ্যে উষ্ণতার ব্যাপক পার্থক্যের কারণে প্রচুর তাপ প্রবাহিত হয় আর এই সংযোগস্থলে সীমারেখা হিসেবে বৃগম্যানাইট স্তর রয়েছে। কিন্তু ঠিক কত পরিমাণ তাপ এখানে কোর থেকে ম্যান্টলে প্রবাহিত হয় তার কোনও সঠিক পরিমাপ সম্ভব হয়নি। গবেষকরা পরীক্ষাগারে বৃগম্যামাইট এর তেজষ্ক্রিয় তাপ পরিবাহিতা(radioactive thermal conductivity) পরীক্ষা করেছেন।
গবেষক মুরাকামি জানান, “আমাদের পরিমাপ পদ্ধতি দ্বারা জানা গেছে বৃগম্যানাইট এর তাপ পরিবাহিতা যা ভাবা হয়েছিল তার থেকে দেড় গুণ বেশি। এর অর্থ হলো কোর থেকে ম্যান্টলে প্রবাহিত তাপের পরিমাণ যা ভাবা হয়েছিল তার থেকে অনেক বেশি। পৃথিবীর কেন্দ্রের গতিবিধি সম্পর্কে নতুন ধারণা দিতে চলেছে এই গবেষণা। এর মাধ্যমে বোঝা যাচ্ছে বাকি কঠিন শিলা দিয়ে গঠিত বহিরাবরণ যুক্ত গ্রহ যেমন শুক্র বা মঙ্গল এর মতই পৃথিবীও দ্রুততার সঙ্গে ঠাণ্ডা হচ্ছে এবং ভূরাসায়নিক প্রক্রিয়াগুলো নিষ্ক্রিয় হচ্ছে।” যদিও তার মতে পৃথিবীর অভ্যন্তর পুরোপুরি ঠাণ্ডা হয়ে ভূ-রাসায়নিক প্রক্রিয়াগুলো পুরোপুরি শান্ত হবে সেটা বলা একপ্রকার অসম্ভব।
গবেষণাপত্র: Radiative thermal conductivity of single-crystal bridgmanite at the core-mantle boundary with implications for thermal evolution of the Earth, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (2022)
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117329
Source: ETH Zurich
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